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The CMI · Issue #3 · July 2026

637 codes left the inpatient-only list. Your status decision just got harder.

CMS published the CY2027 OPPS proposed rule on July 7 and it proposes removing 637 services from the inpatient-only list in a single year. Every one of those becomes a documented clinical judgment instead of a list lookup. Meanwhile the FY2027 IPPS final rule still is not out with October 1 closing in, and two June OIG audits extrapolated $22.5M of overpayments from under $800K of sampled error. Every number below traces to a primary source we fetched.

By the ASP-RCM Team Published July 25, 2026 10 min read
Off the IPO list
637services
OPPS and ASC update
2.4%
340B proposed rate
ASPminus 33.4%
OIG extrapolation
41x

Issue #2 mapped DRG drift from the inside. July's news is all external: one proposed rule that moves hundreds of procedures across the inpatient boundary, one final rule that has not arrived, and an audit posture that turns a six-figure sample error into an eight-figure demand. We fetched every source before printing it. Anything we could not confirm at a .gov page is not in this issue.

Lead story · 01The CY2027 OPPS rule pays 2.4 percent more and moves the inpatient boundary.

CMS-1850-P was published in the Federal Register on July 7, 2026. It runs 299 pages and comments close August 31, 2026. The headline rate is straightforward: CMS proposes an outpatient department fee schedule increase factor of 2.4 percent, built from a proposed inpatient hospital market basket increase of 3.2 percent reduced by a proposed productivity adjustment of 0.8 percentage point. ASCs meeting ASCQR reporting requirements get the same 2.4 percent. The rule reaches roughly 3,500 facilities paid under OPPS and 5,149 ASCs in the quality reporting program.

The rate is not the story. Three structural proposals in the same document move more money than the update factor does: the inpatient-only list removal covered in Lead 02, a 340B acquired drug rate of ASP minus 33.4 percent, and a site-neutral proposal that pays the Physician Fee Schedule equivalent rate for HCPCS codes assigned to imaging-without-contrast APCs when furnished at an off-campus provider-based department, with an exemption for rural sole community hospitals.

Payment update build
3.2 percent market basket, less 0.8 point productivity, equals 2.4 percent
3.2% 0.8 pt 2.4% Market basket Productivity Net update minus equals
Source: CY2027 OPPS and ASC proposed rule (CMS-1850-P), Federal Register, July 7, 2026. Same 2.4 percent applies to ASCs meeting ASCQR requirements.
Operator move
  • Model the 340B line first, not the update factor. ASP minus 33.4 percent on your 340B mix will swamp a 2.4 percent conversion factor bump in either direction. Run it against actual CY2026 340B utilization before you build the CY2027 budget.
  • Pull a list of every imaging-without-contrast HCPCS code you bill from an off-campus provider-based department and price it at the PFS equivalent. That is your site-neutral exposure, and it is a line item you can quantify this week.
  • Calendar the August 31 comment deadline. Off-campus imaging and 340B are exactly the proposals where hospital-specific volume data changes the record.

Source: CY2027 OPPS and ASC proposed rule (CMS-1850-P), Federal Register, Jul 7, 2026

Lead story · 02637 services off the inpatient-only list is a CDI and utilization review event.

For CY2027 CMS proposes to remove 637 services from the inpatient-only list, spanning eleven clinical families. This is the single largest operational item in the rule for CDI, HIM, and utilization review, and it will not show up in a payment model.

Here is the mechanism. While a procedure sits on the inpatient-only list, patient status is a lookup: the code is on the list, so the stay is inpatient, and nobody argues. The moment the code comes off, status becomes a clinical judgment that has to be documented, defended under the two-midnight benchmark, and survive a payer or contractor review two years later. The volume does not change. The documentation burden and the denial surface both change a great deal.

Family 01Auditory
Family 02Digestive
Family 03Endocrine
Family 04Female genital
Family 05Hemic and lymphatic systems
Family 06Integumentary
Family 07Male genital
Family 08Maternity care and delivery
Family 09Mediastinum and diaphragm
Family 10Respiratory
Family 11Urinary
Total proposed637 services removed for CY2027

Note which families are on that list. Digestive, respiratory, and urinary are high-volume service lines at almost every acute care hospital. Maternity care and delivery carries its own status and length-of-stay conventions. If your utilization review team is staffed to today's inpatient-only volume, it is not staffed to CY2027.

The downstream effect lands in your unbilled queue. More status decisions means more physician-advisor touches, more condition code 44 conversations, and more charts that sit waiting for a determination before they can be coded and dropped. That is a direct hit to discharged-not-final-billed. Our hospital DNFB compression case study walks the mechanics of pulling that queue back down, and the DNFB to cash 13-week method is the sequencing we use when the backlog is already built. Where the volume genuinely outruns the staffing, AI for hospital revenue cycle is how we triage which charts need a human status review at all.

Operator move
  • Pull your CY2026 volume for every service in the eleven named families and rank by case count. The top 20 codes by volume are your CY2027 status-review workload, and you can size it before the final rule lands.
  • Write the two-midnight expectation into the pre-procedure note template now, for the high-volume codes only. Retrofitting documentation after January 1 is how hospitals end up in the OIG samples described in Lead 04.
  • Model physician-advisor hours against the ranked list. If the answer is more than one additional FTE, that is a budget conversation that has to happen before the CY2027 final rule, not after.
  • Set a DNFB alert threshold on the affected service lines before January 1 so status-hold charts surface as a trend and not as a month-end surprise.

Source: CY2027 OPPS and ASC proposed rule (CMS-1850-P), Federal Register, Jul 7, 2026

Lead story · 03Price transparency: CMS is asking about the contract mechanisms that hide the real rate.

Tucked inside the same OPPS proposed rule is a request for information on strengthening the standardization and comparability of hospital price transparency data. CMS asks about approaches to improve comparability and standardization of what hospitals report in machine-readable files and consumer-friendly displays. The specific mechanisms it names are the interesting part: outlier payments, stop-loss provisions, rate tiering, and carve-outs.

Those four items are precisely where a posted rate stops describing what a payer actually pays. A hospital can be technically compliant with a machine-readable file and still publish a number that no claim ever settles at, because the stop-loss provision or the carve-out is what governs. An RFI is not a rule, and nothing is enforceable off the back of it. But an RFI naming four specific contract mechanisms is CMS signaling where the next round of requirements is aimed. Comments close August 31, 2026, on the same clock as the rest of the rule.

Operator move
  • Ask your managed care team which of your top ten commercial contracts contain outlier, stop-loss, tiering, or carve-out provisions. That list is the gap between your posted file and your realized rate, and it is what a future standard would force you to express.
  • Do not wait for a rule to reconcile posted rates against realized rates. Sample 50 high-dollar claims per major payer and compare settled amounts to your machine-readable file. Whatever the variance is, you would rather find it than have it found.
  • If the answer is uncomfortable, file a comment by August 31 explaining why. The RFI stage is the cheapest point in the cycle to shape a definition.

Source: Hospital price transparency RFI within CMS-1850-P, Federal Register, Jul 7, 2026

Lead story · 04OIG turned $782,400 of sampled error into $22.5M of demands.

Two hospital compliance audits published within twelve days of each other in June show the arithmetic that should be driving your internal audit plan.

Lehigh Valley Hospital, report A-03-23-00001 issued June 4, 2026. OIG reviewed 100 inpatient and outpatient claims from October 1, 2020 through September 30, 2022. The hospital complied on 62. It did not fully comply on 38, producing net overpayments of $433,723 in the sample. OIG then estimated net overpayments of at least $17.8 million for the audit period. That is roughly a 41 times multiplier on the sampled dollars.

Jefferson Regional Medical Center, report A-04-22-07101 issued June 16, 2026. OIG reviewed 100 claims totaling $1,313,299 from July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2021. Compliance on 67, failure on 33, net overpayments of $348,677 in the sample, extrapolated to at least $4.7 million of the $17.5 million Medicare paid the hospital.

Sampled error versus extrapolated demand
The sample is the cheap part. Extrapolation is the bill.
Lehigh Valley 38 of 100 wrong Jefferson Regional 33 of 100 wrong $433,723 sampled $17.8M extrapolated $348,677 sampled $4.7M extrapolated Both reports name the same root cause: written policies and procedures were not followed
Sources: OIG A-03-23-00001 (Jun 4, 2026) and A-04-22-07101 (Jun 16, 2026). Bar lengths are proportional to the extrapolated estimates.

Two details matter more than the dollars. First, the combined error rate is 71 of 200 claims, and these were not random hospitals. OIG selects facilities that submitted claims it identified as high risk for erroneous billing, so treat the rate as a ceiling for a targeted sample rather than an industry average. Second, both reports land on the same root cause in near-identical language: the hospital did not always follow its written policies and procedures. Not a grouper defect, not an ambiguous coding guideline. A control that existed on paper and was not executed.

The named risk areas in the Lehigh Valley report are the ones every CDI and revenue integrity leader already knows: the two-midnight rule, medical necessity of inpatient services, inpatient rehabilitation facility admission and documentation requirements, and inpatient and outpatient coding.

Operator move
  • Run a 100-claim internal probe on exactly the risk areas OIG names, weighted to short inpatient stays. If your internal error rate lands anywhere near 33 percent, extrapolate it against your own Medicare paid dollars before someone else does. That number is your reserve.
  • Audit the execution of your billing policies, not their existence. Both findings turn on a documented procedure that staff did not follow, which is a monitoring gap and shows up only in sampled chart review.
  • Fix the extrapolation exposure at the sample stage. A 41 times multiplier means every claim you correct in a self-audit is worth many multiples of its face value in avoided demand.

Sources: OIG A-03-23-00001, Jun 4, 2026 · OIG A-04-22-07101, Jun 16, 2026

Both hospitals had the right policy written down. Neither consistently followed it. That is the whole finding, and it is the one exposure an internal audit plan can actually close before a contractor arrives.

The CMI editorial desk

Lead story · 05OIG is auditing short stays again, and MA plans are losing their own appeals.

The OIG Work Plan item CMS Oversight of the Two-Midnight Rule for Inpatient Admissions is active under project number A-04-24-03004 with an estimated FY2026 completion. OIG states plainly that it will audit inpatient claims with short lengths of stay that should have been billed as outpatient or outpatient with observation, and will recommend overpayment collections where appropriate. This is a reversal: OIG had stood down from auditing short stays after October 2013. That posture is over, and a report is expected inside this fiscal year.

On the payer side, the same two-midnight framework is being applied to Medicare Advantage with results that are hard to read as anything but a utilization management problem. OIG report OEI-09-24-00330, issued June 8, 2026, reviewed 19 Medicare Advantage organizations using June 2024 data. MAOs collectively overturned 36 percent of long-term care hospital denials and 43 percent of inpatient rehabilitation facility denials on appeal. IRF overturn rates ranged from 14 percent to 86 percent depending on the plan. OIG attributes the high denial rates to contractors denying prior authorization requests on behalf of the MAOs, and questions whether those contractors receive appropriate training and oversight.

LTCH denials overturned
36%

Better than one in three long-term care hospital denials was reversed by the plan that issued it.

IRF denials overturned
43%

Close to half of inpatient rehab denials did not survive the plan's own appeal review.

IRF overturn spread
14% to 86%

The range across MAOs is the tell. This is plan behavior, not clinical variation.

Read the two findings together. A 43 percent overturn rate means the initial denial was wrong nearly half the time, which makes appealing the default posture rather than the exception on post-acute placement. And with OIG resuming short-stay audits on the traditional Medicare side, hospitals are being squeezed from both directions on the same clinical question: was this patient properly an inpatient. The documentation that wins the MA appeal is the documentation that survives the OIG sample.

Operator move
  • Appeal post-acute denials as a rule, not as an exception. At a 43 percent IRF overturn rate, a blanket appeal policy on IRF and LTCH denials pays for its own labor. Track your overturn rate by plan and put the number in front of your contracting team at renewal.
  • Rank your MA plans by denial and overturn rate and take the spread to the negotiating table. A plan sitting at the 86 percent end of that range is documenting your case for you.
  • Self-audit short inpatient stays now, ahead of the FY2026 OIG report. Pull one-day and sub-two-midnight inpatient stays for the last four quarters and check that each carries a documented two-midnight expectation or a valid exception.

Sources: OIG OEI-09-24-00330, Jun 8, 2026 · OIG Work Plan, two-midnight rule oversight

Lead story · 06The FY2027 IPPS final rule still is not out, and October 1 does not move.

The FY2027 IPPS and LTCH PPS proposed rule, CMS-1849-P, was published in the Federal Register on April 14, 2026 and ran 576 pages. As of this issue, no FY2027 IPPS final rule has been published in the Federal Register. We checked the Federal Register directly on July 25 rather than relying on secondary coverage.

The federal fiscal year still begins October 1, 2026. That is the date your MS-DRG grouper version changes, new ICD-10 codes take effect, and the FY2027 rates apply. Whatever window remains between publication and go-live is your entire runway for grouper validation, chargemaster mapping, CDI education, and payer contract updates that reference DRG weights.

The operational discipline here is simple and it is one we repeat every year: do not build against a proposed rule. Proposed MS-DRG changes, severity designations, and code additions change between April and August with enough regularity that anyone who hard-codes the proposal spends September undoing it. Prepare the process, stage the change control, and hold the actual values until the final rule publishes.

Operator move
  • Stage your FY2027 change control now and leave the values blank. Grouper version, code adds and deletes, severity shifts, and weight updates each get an owner and a test plan this week, populated the day the final rule drops.
  • Book grouper validation capacity for the first two weeks after publication. That window compresses every year and it is the one dependency you cannot compress further.
  • Flag every payer contract that references MS-DRG weights or a specific grouper version. Those need an amendment conversation on the final numbers, and payers move slowly in September.
  • Do not let CDI education content get written off the proposed rule. Build the delivery plan, hold the content.

Source: FY2027 IPPS and LTCH PPS proposed rule (CMS-1849-P), Federal Register, Apr 14, 2026

The deadline boardEvery date in this issue, one table.

Six confirmed items, each with its primary source. Anything we could not verify at a .gov page was dropped from this issue rather than softened.

ItemWhat it isDateDeadlineOperator actionSource
CMS-1850-P Proposed: CY2027 OPPS and ASC rule. OPD increase factor 2.4 percent, from 3.2 percent market basket less 0.8 point productivity. ASCs at 2.4 percent. 340B at ASP minus 33.4 percent. Jul 7, 2026 Aug 31, 2026 Model 340B before the update factor. Comment on the proposals your volume data can move. Federal Register
IPO list Removal: 637 services proposed off the inpatient-only list for CY2027, across eleven clinical families including digestive, respiratory, and urinary. Jul 7, 2026 Jan 1, 2027 Rank CY2026 volume in the eleven families and size the utilization review workload before the final rule. Federal Register
HPT RFI Signal: Request for information on standardizing and comparing price transparency data, naming outlier payments, stop-loss provisions, rate tiering, and carve-outs. Jul 7, 2026 Aug 31, 2026 Inventory which top contracts carry those four mechanisms. Reconcile posted rates against settled claims. Federal Register
A-03-23-00001 Audit: Lehigh Valley Hospital. 38 of 100 claims noncompliant, $433,723 sampled, at least $17.8 million extrapolated. Jun 4, 2026 Ongoing Run the same 100-claim probe internally on the risk areas OIG names and reserve against your own extrapolation. HHS OIG
OEI-09-24-00330 Leverage: 19 MA organizations, June 2024 data. 36 percent of LTCH and 43 percent of IRF denials overturned on appeal, IRF range 14 to 86 percent. Jun 8, 2026 Ongoing Appeal post-acute denials by default. Rank plans by overturn rate and carry the spread into renewal talks. HHS OIG
CMS-1849-P Pending: FY2027 IPPS and LTCH proposed rule published April 14, 576 pages. No final rule published as of July 25, 2026. Apr 14, 2026 Oct 1, 2026 Stage the change control with blank values. Book grouper validation for the fortnight after publication. Federal Register

Also confirmed in CMS-1850-P and worth a calendar note: Botulinum Toxin Injection codes are proposed for addition to the Hospital Outpatient Department prior authorization process for dates of service on or after July 1, 2027. Not verified for this issue and therefore not covered: any CY2026 price transparency civil monetary penalty totals, and any 2026 OIG work on severity-level DRG assignment or sepsis coding specifically.

Operator's checklistTen moves, ranked by deadline.

Same rule as every issue: one owner, one defined output, no new software.

01

Model 340B at ASP minus 33.4 percent

Against real CY2026 utilization. This moves more than the update factor.

02

Price your off-campus imaging exposure

Imaging without contrast at the PFS equivalent rate. Quantify it this week.

03

Rank CY2026 volume in the eleven IPO families

The top 20 codes are your CY2027 status-review workload.

04

Run a 100-claim internal compliance probe

Same risk areas OIG names, weighted to short inpatient stays.

05

Audit policy execution, not policy existence

Both June findings turn on written procedures staff did not follow.

06

Make post-acute appeals the default

At 43 percent IRF overturn, a blanket appeal policy pays for its labor.

07

Pull four quarters of sub-two-midnight stays

Every one needs a documented expectation or a valid exception.

08

Stage FY2027 change control with blank values

Owners and test plans now. Numbers only when the final rule publishes.

09

Inventory outlier, stop-loss, tiering, carve-outs

That list is the gap between your posted file and your realized rate.

10

File comments by August 31

340B, site-neutral imaging, IPO removals, and the transparency RFI share one deadline.

Reader Q&AThree questions from this month's inbox.

Should we start moving the 637 IPO removals to outpatient now?

No. This is a proposed rule with comments open until August 31, and the removal list can change before the final rule. What you should do now is the analysis, not the operational change. Rank your CY2026 volume in the eleven named clinical families, size the physician-advisor and utilization review hours that a status decision on each would require, and get the budget conversation started. If the final rule confirms the removals you will have lost nothing. If it trims the list you will have spent an afternoon on a workload model you needed anyway.

Our error rate on internal audits is around 20 percent. Is that bad given OIG found 38 percent?

The comparison does not hold, and reading comfort into it is the trap. OIG selects hospitals that submitted claims it already identified as high risk for erroneous billing, and then samples within the risk areas most likely to contain errors. That 38 percent describes a deliberately adverse sample, not a hospital average. The number that matters is your own error rate extrapolated against your own Medicare paid dollars. At Lehigh Valley the multiplier from sampled dollars to extrapolated demand was roughly 41 times. Apply your rate to your paid dollars and decide whether the resulting figure is one you would want to reserve against.

Is it worth appealing Medicare Advantage post-acute denials given the labor cost?

On the OIG data, yes, and it is not close. Plans overturned 36 percent of their own LTCH denials and 43 percent of their own IRF denials on appeal. That is the issuing plan reversing itself, not an external arbiter. At those rates a blanket appeal policy on IRF and LTCH denials clears its own labor cost comfortably. The second benefit is contractual: tracking overturn rate by plan gives your contracting team a specific, sourced number to raise at renewal, and the 14 to 86 percent spread across plans means some of your payers are far worse than others in ways you can name.

Which of these six changes touches your book?

Free status and CDI exposure check. Send us your service-line mix and your top 20 inpatient DRGs. We return a one-page read on your IPO removal exposure, your short-stay audit risk, and your post-acute appeal upside, with the primary sources attached. Yours to keep.

Common questionsFrequently asked: July's rule cycle.

What is the CY2027 OPPS payment update?
CMS proposes an outpatient department fee schedule increase factor of 2.4 percent for CY2027. That is a proposed inpatient hospital market basket increase of 3.2 percent reduced by a proposed productivity adjustment of 0.8 percentage point. The same 2.4 percent applies to ASCs that meet ASCQR Program reporting requirements. The rule is CMS-1850-P, published in the Federal Register July 7, 2026, with comments due August 31, 2026.
How many services is CMS proposing to remove from the inpatient-only list?
637. For CY2027 CMS proposes to remove 637 services from the inpatient-only list, drawn from the auditory, digestive, endocrine, female genital, hemic and lymphatic systems, integumentary, male genital, maternity care and delivery, mediastinum and diaphragm, respiratory and urinary clinical families. Every removed code becomes a case where patient status is a documented clinical judgment rather than a list lookup, which moves the work onto utilization review and CDI.
What is CMS proposing for 340B drug payment in CY2027?
CMS proposes to pay ASP minus 33.4 percent for 340B acquired drugs for CY2027. This appears in the CY2027 OPPS and ASC proposed rule, CMS-1850-P, published July 7, 2026. Comments are due August 31, 2026.
Has the FY2027 IPPS final rule been published?
Not as of July 25, 2026. The FY2027 IPPS and LTCH PPS proposed rule, CMS-1849-P, ran 576 pages and was published in the Federal Register on April 14, 2026. No FY2027 IPPS final rule appears in the Federal Register as of this issue, with the federal fiscal year starting October 1, 2026. Build your grouper and MS-DRG change control against the final rule when it publishes, not against the proposed rule.
What did the OIG hospital compliance audits find in June 2026?
Two extrapolated findings. Lehigh Valley Hospital, report A-03-23-00001 issued June 4, 2026, had 38 of 100 sampled claims out of compliance with net overpayments of $433,723, extrapolated to at least $17.8 million. Jefferson Regional Medical Center, report A-04-22-07101 issued June 16, 2026, had 33 of 100 claims out of compliance with net overpayments of $348,677, extrapolated to at least $4.7 million. Both reports name the same root cause: the hospital did not always follow its written policies and procedures.
What are Medicare Advantage plans doing on post-acute prior authorization?
OIG report OEI-09-24-00330, issued June 8, 2026, reviewed 19 Medicare Advantage organizations using June 2024 data. MAOs collectively overturned 36 percent of long-term care hospital denials and 43 percent of inpatient rehabilitation facility denials on appeal. IRF overturn rates ranged from 14 percent to 86 percent across MAOs. OIG found high denial rates were driven by contractors denying requests on behalf of the MAOs.
Is OIG auditing short inpatient stays again?
Yes. The OIG Work Plan item CMS Oversight of the Two-Midnight Rule for Inpatient Admissions carries active project number A-04-24-03004 with an estimated FY2026 completion. OIG states it will audit inpatient claims with short lengths of stay that should have been billed as outpatient or outpatient with observation, and will recommend overpayment collections where appropriate. This reverses OIG's earlier position against auditing short stays after October 2013.
What is CMS asking about hospital price transparency?
The CY2027 OPPS proposed rule carries a request for information on strengthening the standardization and comparability of hospital price transparency data. CMS asks about approaches to improve comparability and standardization of information reported in machine-readable files and consumer-friendly displays, specifically naming contract mechanisms such as outlier payments, stop-loss provisions, rate tiering, and carve-outs. Comments are due August 31, 2026.

That is Issue #3. Issue #4 lands in August with the FY2027 IPPS final rule the moment it publishes, the MS-DRG and grouper change list, and whatever the two-midnight OIG report says if it arrives inside the fiscal year.

The ASP-RCM team. Call 469-393-0083 or visit asprcmsolutions.com. Every figure in this issue was fetched from a Federal Register or HHS OIG page before publication. Anything we could not confirm was left out. Always opt-in.